Last reviewed: July 2026
General information only
The Hampshire Cardiologist website’s articles and pages provide general information about heart symptoms, conditions, investigations and treatments. They are intended to support understanding, not to provide a diagnosis, treatment recommendation or individual medical advice.
Online information cannot take account of your full medical history, examination, test results, other conditions or personal preferences. It is not a substitute for assessment by a suitably qualified healthcare professional who is responsible for your care.
No doctor-patient relationship
Reading this website, using its contact details or submitting an enquiry does not by itself create a doctor-patient relationship with Dr Mark Cassar. A clinical relationship begins only when an appropriate consultation or other clinical service has been agreed.
The website and its contact forms are not monitored as an emergency service.
Medicines and treatment
Do not start, stop or change prescribed medication or other treatment solely because of information on this website. If you have a question about a medicine, contact the clinician responsible for prescribing it or a pharmacist. Where an article gives safety advice, the appropriate response depends on the nature and severity of the symptoms and your individual circumstances.
Urgent and emergency symptoms
Call 999 for a medical emergency, including severe or persistent chest pain, severe breathlessness, collapse or symptoms of a stroke. If you need urgent medical advice but the situation is not immediately life-threatening, use NHS 111 or the relevant local urgent-care service.
Do not delay seeking appropriate help because of something you have read on this website.
Accuracy and updates
Medical knowledge and professional guidance change over time. Content is prepared and reviewed with care, and sources are provided where appropriate, but no website can cover every circumstance or guarantee that every page remains complete or current. Publication and review dates should be considered when using the information.
External links
Links to external websites are provided for convenience and further reading. Dr Cassar does not control external content and is not responsible for its availability, accuracy or privacy practices. A link does not necessarily amount to endorsement of every statement on the linked website.
Questions about this disclaimer
If you have a non-clinical question about this disclaimer or the website, please use the details on the contact and appointments page. Do not use the contact form for urgent medical advice.